The Physics of Window Condensation
Condensation forms when warm, moisture-laden air contacts a surface below its dew point. In double glazing, the inner pane temperature is the critical factor. Old clear glass units (U-value ~2.8 W/m²K) allow the inner pane to get cold enough for condensation in normal living conditions. Modern Low-E units (U-value ~1.1 W/m²K) keep the inner pane significantly warmer.
Between-Pane Condensation: Seal Failure
When condensation appears between the panes, the seal has failed. The desiccant in the spacer bar has absorbed moisture until saturation. The insulating gas has escaped. The unit now performs little better than single glazing. Replacement is the only solution.
Specifying the Replacement
A condensation replacement is the perfect opportunity to upgrade. The most impactful upgrades:
Low-E softcoat glass — reflects long-wave heat radiation back into the room. Keeps the inner pane surface 5-8°C warmer than clear glass in winter. This alone eliminates most room-side condensation.
Argon gas fill — reduces convection within the cavity. Improves U-value by approximately 0.3 W/m²K over air fill. Combined with Low-E, delivers U-values from 1.1 W/m²K.
Warm-edge spacer bars — reduce thermal bridging at the glass perimeter. Standard aluminium spacer bars create a cold path at the edge of the glass where condensation often forms first. Warm-edge spacers (composite or stainless steel) virtually eliminate edge condensation.
Ventilation Advice for Customers
Even the best glass specification can't overcome extreme humidity. When replacing condensation-affected units, advise your customers on ventilation: trickle vents, extractor fans in kitchens and bathrooms, and regular brief window-opening all help maintain healthy humidity levels. A hygrometer reading above 60% relative humidity will cause condensation on almost any glass specification.

